The first one.......

Hey now our post is going to be about the first invented Ball Point Pen. A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938. Biro had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. The thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib and Biro had to devise a new type of point. He did so by fitting his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. This principle of the ballpoint pen actually dates back to an 1888 patent owned by John J. Loud for a product to mark leather. However, this patent was commercially unexploited. Even though his invention was not exploited at that time… Today it is done by me…

Hey guys, here we are going to see about the tunnel which was first built in US. The St. Clair Tunnel is the name for two separate rail tunnels which were built under the St. Clair River between Sarnia, Ontario and Port Huron, Michigan. It was the first full-size sub aqueous tunnel built in North America. (By full-size it is meant that it allowed a railroad to run through it.)

The St. Clair Tunnel Company opened this first tunnel in 1891. The company was a subsidiary of the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), which used the new route to connect with its subsidiary Grand Trunk Western Railroad (GTWR). Before the tunnel's construction, the GTR was forced to use time-consuming rail ferries to transfer cargo.

The tunnel was an engineering marvel in its day, achieved through the development of original techniques for excavating in a compressed air environment. Freight trains used the tunnel initially with the first passenger trains using it in 1892.

The tunnel measured 6,025 feet (1,836 m) from portal to portal. The actual width of the St. Clair River at this crossing is only 2,290 feet (698 m). The tube had a diameter of 19 feet, 10 inches (6.05 m) and hosted a single standard gauge track. It was built at a cost of $2.7 million.

Steam locomotives were used in the early years to pull trains through the tunnel, however concerns about the potential dangers of suffocation should a train stall in the tunnel led to the installation of catenary wires for electric-powered locomotives by 1907. The first use of electric locomotives through the tunnel in regular service occurred on May 17, 1908.

After a long years of service this tunnel was designated a Civil Engineering Landmark by both the Canadian and the American Societies of Civil Engineers (CSCE and ASCE) in 1991 and also it was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1993.

About the tunnel…

Official name: Paul M. Tellier Tunnel

Carries: Rail lines

Crosses: St. Clair River

Local Port: Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario

Maintained by: Canadian National Railway

Total length: 6,025 feet (1,836 m) (first tunnel)

Opening date: 1891

Destruction date: 1994

Location: St. Clair River between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario

Coordinates: 42°57′30″N 82°24′38″W / 42.95833, -82.

Built/Founded: 1889

Architect: Beach,Alfred; Hobson,Joseph

Architectural style(s): Other

Designated as NHL: April 19, 1993[1]

Added to NRHP: October 15, 1970[2]

NRHP Reference#: 70000684

Governing body: Private

Hi friends, now our topic is going to be about the first helicopter. In the 1930s, the French Louis Breguet and German Heinrich Focke had made major advances in helicopter design in Europe. A Russian who had emigrated to the United States, Igor Sikorsky, eventually made the most significant advances. Although Sikorsky is not generally credited with inventing any new solutions to the problems of controlling a helicopter in flight, he is widely regarded as the person who improved existing technology and made the helicopter practical and successful. Sikorsky Aircraft remains the oldest helicopter firm in the world.

Though already helicopter was invented by some other scientists, they don’t know how to stop the rotation of the helicopter’s body. They even used 2 counter rotating rotors, which solved the problem but increased its weight by 40%. Thus it failed…

Sikorsky's VS-300 was significant because it was the first working helicopter that did not require two counter-rotating rotors to cancel out torque, instead using a tail rotor that provided thrust in the opposite direction of the torque. This made the craft less complicated, lighter, and easier to control. But perhaps more importantly, the VS-300 served as the forerunner for the modern helicopter—it looked more like helicopters in use decades later than any of its predecessors. Unlike either Heinrich Focke or Louis Breguet, Sikorsky continued building helicopters and ultimately became the most famous helicopter manufacturer in the world.

About its construction…

• The VS-300 was constructed of an open welded tubular steel frame with three-wheel main landing gear.
• A three-bladed rotor with a diameter of 28 feet (8.5 meters) was mounted at the top.
• A single two-bladed vertical rotor was mounted at the tail. Both rotors were powered by a four-cylinder 75-horsepower (56-kilowatt) Lycoming air-cooled engine connected to the rotors through a truck transmission and a series of pulleys and belts.
• The main rotor could increase the pitch of the three blades collectively to change lift.
• Sikorsky also adopted cyclic control from Cierva's autogyro.

Motorcycles are descended from the "safety" bicycle, bicycles with front and rear wheels of the same size, with a pedal crank mechanism to drive the rear wheel. Those bicycles, in turn were descended from high-wheel bicycles. The high-wheelers were descended from an early type of push-bike, without pedals, propelled by the rider's feet pushing against the ground. These appeared around 1800, used iron-banded wagon wheels, and were called "bone-crushers," both for their jarring ride, and their tendency to toss their riders.

Gottlieb Daimler (who later teamed up with Karl Benz to form the Daimler-Benz Corporation) is credited with building the first motorcycle in 1885, one wheel in the front and one in the back, although it had a smaller spring-loaded outrigger wheel on each side. It was constructed mostly of wood, with the wheels being of the iron-banded wooden-spoked wagon-type, definitely a "bone-crusher" chassis.

It was indeed powered by a single-cylinder Otto-cycle engine, and may have had a spray-type carburetor.

Information about engine…..

• 1. a single horizontal cylinder of 264cc(58×100mm, 2.28×3.94 in)
• 2. air cooling
• 3. large cast iron flywheel
• 4. hot tube ignition system (patent 28022)
• 5. cam operated exhaust valves, allowing high speed operation
• 6. 0.5hp (370W)
• 7. 600 rpm running speed, beating previous engines which typically ran at about 120 to 180 rpm
• 8. weight around 50 kg (110 pd)
• 9. height 76 cm (30 in)

Thus, his invention of motorcycle is the basis for today’s bikes……. The one and the only way of transportation for the middle class families are these bikes….. They surely and really will be thankful to Gottlieb Daimler. We should remember these type of inventors through opportunities like this(blog posts)…….

Hi friends, now it is an interesting topic about the invention of the first plane by the wright brothers. Traveling in planes, nowadays had became very casual, But for inventing this plane, the wright brothers spent their whole life, with great sincerity and dedication. We can now see a short description about this invention. In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments, the Wright Brothers designed their first aircraft: a small, biplane glider flown as a kite to test their solution for controlling the craft by wing warping. Wing warping is a method of arching the wingtips slightly to control the aircraft's rolling motion and balance.

The Wrights spent a great deal of time observing birds in flight. They noticed that birds soared into the wind and that the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift. Birds change the shape of their wings to turn and maneuver. They believed that they could use this technique to obtain roll control by warping, or changing the shape, of a portion of the wing.

After the next three years, Wilbur and his brother Orville had designed a series of gliders which which has been flown in both unmanned (as kites) and piloted flights.

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile. However, we can point to the many firsts that occurred along the way. Starting with the first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.

In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. It was used by the French Army to haul artillery at a whopping speed of 2 1/2 mph on only three wheels. The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power. The steam engine and boiler were separate from the rest of the vehicle and placed in the front. The following year (1770), Cugnot built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers.

Thus Nicolas was the first one to invent the first car, which is the foundation for the today's modern cars . Hats off for him........